Candy Chromatography Research Paper - 1471 Words

I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of study Candy-coated sweets come in different colors and sometimes even vary in flavor in association with the colors. These colors provide a creative display for children to easily get attracted to the particular treat, leaving those tinted marks on their mouths and a happy, satisfied grin on their faces. The reason for conducting the research is to know how the colors of our favorite candy-coated sugary rewards came to be and that method of knowing is what we call â€Å"Candy Crhomatography†. Chromatography by definition according to Webster’s dictionary means â€Å" a method for separating the constituents of a solution (gas or liquid) by exploiting the different bonding properties of different molecules†. In†¦show more content†¦There are terms brought about like the â€Å"capillary action† which pertains to the capillary property of water in reaction to the substance. There are also terms like â€Å"Retention factor value† meaning the distance run by a component spot, divided by the distance run by the solvent in thin layer chromatography. Also â€Å"hydrophilic†, meaning something that is easily absorbed in water. They should be interpreted well and understood as the concept and terms. III. Methodology A. Design of Experiment and Experimental Values The flow/design of the experiment starts with these materials: A. Color-coated candies B. Filter paper; enough to make thirty 2.5 cm x 8 cm strips. C. Scissors D. Ruler; metric E. Pencil F. Petri dish G. 150 mL beaker H. Disposable pipet I. Wooden coffee stirrers or other similar wooden splints (4) J. Measuring cup; 4 cup volume K. 1/8th teaspoon (tsp) measuring spoon or 1/4th tsp measuring spoon L. Salt M. Water N. 400 mL beaker O. Mini binder clips (2) P. Food coloring; red, green, and blue Q. Lab notebook 2. The independent variable is thewater. The dependent variable is the candy. The controlled variable are the other materials used. B. Samples Information 1. The samples were very clear in what they were portraying and was very easy to understand. I tried my best to follow the references and to make the experiment running as smooth as it seemed to be in the reference material. 2. The samples were gathered through theShow MoreRelatedEssay about 5.05 Mixtures and Solutions Lab Report828 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿5.05 Mixtures Solutions Lab Report By Nathan Mitchell 4/23/15 Background Information Research 1. Paper Chromatography is a method used for the separation of colors which are also referred to as colored chemicals/substances or pigments. This method is used for experiments, to identify coloring agents and to separate out a compound into its various components. 2. 3 real-world uses for paper chromatography include forensic testing, performance enhancing drug testing, and Ebola immunization. 3.Read MoreThe Effects Of Color Additives On Food Color1561 Words   |  7 Pagesinsoluble form of the dye, lakes are more stable than dyes, and better for coloring products containing fats and oils. The United States has nine certified colors that are approved for use in food. Five of the nine certified colors can be found in MM candies. â€Å"In the U.S. there are seven FDA –approved, mostly petroleum-derived, food dyes currently in use: blue 1, blue 2, green 3, red 40, red 3, yellow 5, and yellow 6. The three mostly widely used colors-red 40, yellow 5, and yellow 6- contain known carcinogensRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pagesin-depth insights and practical advice, The Little Book That Makes You Rich outlines an effective approach to building true wealth in today’s markets. The Little Book That Builds Wealth, where Pat Dorsey, director of stock research for leading independent investment research provider Morningstar, Inc., guides the reader in understanding â€Å"economic moats,† learning how to measure them against one another, and selecting the best companies for the very best returns. ffirs.indd iii 2/1/08 12:55:37

Animal Testing Is Morally Wrong Free Essays

Testing on Animals is Morally Wrong In today’s world, large corporations seem to have decided that animal testing is an acceptable way to produce products that are safe for human use at the expense of innocent animals everywhere. Sadly, with large-scale corporations focused far more on money and profit than on the wellbeing of, safety and health of animals of all kinds. The Government has completed hundreds of tests through out the years, and there has been very dismal proof that conducting the animal testing is benefit to humans, even though morally it is unspeakably wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Testing Is Morally Wrong or any similar topic only for you Order Now To better understand how humans started using animals to conduct product testing, it is important to look back into our history. In the past, animals were thought of as food and years later, we needed animals such as cattle and horses as a means of transportation by land and to help lighten the human workload. Years later it became possible to keep animals as pets and sources of entertainment. Now we have animals as companions and are thought of as members of our families: they are valuable and loved by many. Sadly, although the general population would never want to harm an animal, the corporate machine that functions all around the world runs on earning money based on the exploitation of people and animals. This goes against our current general outlook on the value of animal’s lives yet to mega corporations, these creatures have no legal voice or overpowering representation to save them from torture, abuse and death during product testing. There are two different kinds of animal testing. The first is animal experimentation, in which the laboratory animal may only have a minute or so of pain and discomfort. The second is called vivisection, which is the most inhumane form of animal testing. Vivisection is when an animal is tested on while not under any form of anesthesia to keep the animal from feeling pain. This form of testing is conducted when the animal is awake and feeling an incredible amount of pain. Both of these forms of animal testing are inhumane because even during the less horrific of the two testing processes, animals can sustain critical issues that come from the testing long after the tests are completed and the anesthesia has warn off. Although animals cannot speak for themselves, they desperately need human legal representation to act on their behalf as far as texting human products on animals that can threaten their wellbeing and lives. Due to the horrific animal abuses that happen in the US and abroad there are understandably many outraged animal rights activists that are involved organizations that work to stop animal testing. Since animals are obviously very different that humans it does morally makes sense to test products that are meant for human use and consumption. This can really hurt an animal and cause a lifetime of harm that we humans will never fully understand. There are many dangers to humans that are associated with animal testing as well. If a product or drug is tested on animals with no known side effects that product can then be sold for human use but because animals and humans are so different a new drug coming straight from animal testing will undoubtedly have a slightly different effect on the human than on the animal and sometimes the effect is very serious. If illness or death occurs then tax dollars that Americans pay to companies that use animal testing for new drugs will be wasted on a product that undoubtedly harmed animals and also humans. At the same time, animals that react poorly to testing can cause medicine or other products that could benefit humans from being distributed simply because humans and animals will react differently to different things. There are many companies that have decided to stand up for animals and test many products on humans instead of abusing animals during the testing process. This is particularly common when testing makeup; skincare products and hair care products. Companies that use natural ingredients especially, feel that they can safely test their products on humans. An entire market has been built upon the choice not to test on animals and people who care about animals will pay much more for products that were not tested on animals. It is my hope that more corporations especially will take a stand for animals and realize that their actions deeply harm animals and that money is ess important then the life of an animal. Research has proven that what works for them, does not necessarily work for us. I believe that it is a waste of American taxes to continue testing animals. Animals are a major part of our world and deserve more respect and care then they are currently given. It is my hope that we can stop cruel testing on animals and find new ways to test medicines and products that do not destroy the lives of animals. How to cite Animal Testing Is Morally Wrong, Papers

Boosting Agricultural Production in Nigeria free essay sample

The procurement and distribution of fertilizer have been the focal point in the Agricultural development. The Federal Government should reiterate its determination to ensure that farmers receive adequate supply of all categories of fertilizer at a subsidised rate. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture has to map out a workable strategy to ensure that genuine farmers have access to fertilizer at subsidised rate and to eliminate the nuisance of middlemen who stand between the farmers and the commodities. 2. Provision of Quality Certified Seeds for Farmers: There is a need for Government to establish a Seed Firm to ensure that farmers were provided seeds that meets international standard for satisfaction of its customers at affordable rate to enable farmers have reasonable return on their investment. By doing so these will help in boosting Agricultural productivity and generate employments in the country. Presently the country requires about 600,000 metric tons of certified Seeds annually which is a great challenge to Agricultural Institutions in the country. 3. Inadequate Funding: Lack of funding has become one of the major impediments of Agricultural productivity in the country. The Nigerian government is not doing enough to address problem of local farmers. It should have provided credit facilities with lower interest rate to farmers through rural cooperative societies (community banks), to ensure that they are not forced to sell their grains cheaply to merchants to raise immediate cash. Recently the Federal government granted a loan to small-scale and large scale farmers amounting to N200 Billion in order to boost agricultural productivity in the Country. This is a good development toward achieving Food sufficiency in the nation. 4. Getting Young People to Engage in Agriculture: It has been observed that young people do not want to go and farm like some of our parents and grand parents did with hoe all day long under hot sun. They need strong incentives to come into Agriculture and not to do things the old way. Therefore, young scientists, technologists and other professionals have to be involved in Agricultural production, processing and marketing and as well as be involved in scientific inventions that would ensure massive production, preservation and storage which would translate into profitability. 5. Low Level of Technology: Agriculture is no longer limited to the old tradition; it is very broad and encompasses commerce, business, biotechnology, etc. There is a need for the people to explore and have high-tech engineering in agriculture. The Nation needs technology to boost its food production and embark on supplying modern mechanized equipment such as tractors, mill etc which local farmers can not afford as well as and training them in the new farming technology. Improved agricultural technology can be achieved by effective linkages and collective planning and execution of Research programmes by Research Institutions and Universities. . Storage and Processing: The Federal Government should provide storage facilities for the farmers to eliminate wastages and losses. The farmers should be able to preserve perishable crops to enhance their earning thus availing the agro-allied industries steady supply of raw materials. By provisions of storage facilities and establishment of agro-allied small scale, medium scale industries would scale up other economic activities to make the nation self-sufficient in food production. 7. Marketing/Pricing Access to urban markets is key to increasing incomes for rural farmers. Some aspects are crucial such as physical infrastructure, including road networks and affordable transport. Poor physical infrastructure can have far-reaching consequences on producer’s price, as poor road network usually entail exorbitant transport cost. Traders often take advantage of this crucial factor to exploit the farmers. In areas where the production volumes are small and scattered between small farms, the local traders operating on a small scale are often the only link to the markets. In a nutshell, lack of storage and processing facilities as well as high transportation cost increase the weakness of these trade networks. Prospects : 1. Food Security: Agricultural production is central to the overall well-being of the population thereby guaranteeing sustainable food security. The Federal Government approved immediate release of N80 billion from Natural Resources Development Fund for the importation of 500,000 metric tons of rice which would be sold to the people at subsidized rates. It also approved the immediate release of 11,000 metric tons of grains from its strategic reserves in order to restrain the increasing prices of food in the country. The Government should dedicate a fund toward development of agriculture and production of food. It should also put in place measures aimed at ensuring the sustenance and enforcement of policies and regulations aimed at stimulating domestic production of food and food products. The Federal Government should change its policies on Land Act and provide land to private investors for commercial farming. The Government should adopt the strategy of Public Private Partnership which will engender the sustainability and professionalism in food production in the country. For example two states (Cross River and Taraba) in Nigeria went into partnership with an indigenous company, Notore Chemical Industry, by signing Memorandum of Understanding for establishment of Rice Mill (cultivation and Milling) in their states. This will impact positively on the people of the area by providing food, jobs and wealth. 2. Reduce reliance on oil: Nigerians should go back and till the land with the mission of re-enacting the glorious era of 1970s when the nation’s economic mainstay was cash crops. During pre and post-independence Nigeria, before crude oil became the country’s major foreign exchange earner in the mid-70s, the agricultural sector performed satisfactorily on all parameters. Since the advent of oil, the development and harnessing of the economic potential of all exportable agricultural commodities has begun to wane. There is a need for Nigeria to brace up in order to maintain her position as the second highest producer of Arabic Gum, coming after Sudan. The country should embark on massive cultivation of the land to grow grains especially rice, corn and wheat. . Earning Foreign Exchange: Nigeria produces a wide range of agricultural commodities, which could serve as raw materials for industrial production in Europe, Asia and Latin America. Top on the list of such agricultural commodities are Cocoa, Cotton, Soya beans, Cassava, Maize, Gum Arabic, Ginger, Sorghum and Sesame Seeds. With the Nigerian Government current efforts at increasing output in the agricu ltural sector, more volumes of agricultural produce will be available for external trade which would earn the country foreign exchange. For example, Cocoa is the second major non-oil foreign exchange earner in Nigeria. It is produced in 16 states in the country, with an annual production of 400,000 metric tons, 98% of this is exported. Annually export revenue from the sale of cocoa amount to USS136. 7 Million. 3. Diversify Economy The need to diversify the economy is long over due. Nigeria is no longer a major exporter of cocoa, palm oil, groundnuts and rubber, a development which is traceable to compendium of factors such as over-reliance on oil revenue. Oil account for 95% of Nigeria export while agricultural products such as rubber and cocoa, accounts roughly for 60% of the remainder. With the present slum in oil price, the global meltdown and the lingering Niger Delta crises, there is a need for the government to cooperate with the banks to play a crucial role in diversification drive. This is to make difference by intervening in agriculture and setting up schemes to encourage our economic diversification efforts, not only by taking the deposit and trade but to partner with their customers to impact positively on their lives.